Type of Document	Master's Thesis
Author	Lamoureux, Jonathan
Author's Email Address	jlamou1@lsu.edu
URN	etd-0707103-142120
Title	Heat Transfer in Outdoor Aquaculture Ponds
Degree	Master of Science in Biological & Agricultural Engineering (M.S.B.A.E.)
Department	Biological & Agricultural Engineering
Advisory Committee	Advisor Name Title Steven G. Hall Committee Chair Caye M. Drapcho Committee Member Terrence R. Tiersch Committee Member
Keywords	sensitivity analysis modeling energy budget energy transfer temperature control
Date of Defense	2003-06-13
Availability	unrestricted
Abstract An energy balance was developed for heated and unheated earthen aquaculture ponds to 1) determine the relative importance of energy transfer mechanism affecting pond temperature; 2) predict pond temperatures; 3) estimate the energy required to control pond temperatures, and 4) recommend efficient heating and cooling methods. PHATR (Pond Heating and Temperature Regulation), a computer program using 4th order Runge-Kutta numerical method was developed to solve the energy balance using weather, flow rate and pond temperature data. By comparing measured and modeled pond temperatures, the average difference (the average bias) was 0.5°C for unheated ponds and 2.4°C for heated ponds. The error in warm water flow measurements explained the elevated average bias for heated ponds. The dominant energy transfer mechanisms for unheated ponds were solar radiation (maximum: 55%), pond radiation (average: 35% to 42%) and longwave sky radiation (average: 28% to 34% ). The dominant energy transfer mechanisms for heated ponds were solar radiation (maximum: 50%), pond radiation (average: 25%), longwave sky radiation (average: 19%) and the 36°C water used to heat the ponds (maximum: 60%). The difference in biases when comparing three empirical evaporation equations ranged from 0.2°C to 1.9°C. The difference in biases when comparing two empirical convection equations ranged from 0.0°C to 2.1°C. The average light extinction coefficient for the ponds was 0.013 mm-1. The sensitivity analysis, used to determine how variations in input data affected the model results, showed that output varied linearly with changes in average air temperature and solar radiation. The output decayed exponentially to changes in wind speed and flow rate. Using PHATR and 40 years of weather data, the pond temperature for a 400-m3 pond was calculated for cold, hot and average years. The average pond temperature for an average year was 21.8°C. The net energy required to maintain the pond temperature at 25°C was 3.24 x 109 J/m3. Warming a 400- m3 pond 2°C/day during a typical mid-January week would require 7.64 x 1010 J over 9 days.
Files	Filename       Size       Approximate Download Time (Hours:Minutes:Seconds)     28.8 Modem   56K Modem   ISDN (64 Kb)   ISDN (128 Kb)   Higher-speed Access    appendix.pdf 1.03 Mb 00:04:45 00:02:27 00:02:08 00:01:04 00:00:05   chapter_1.pdf 99.28 Kb 00:00:27 00:00:14 00:00:12 00:00:06 < 00:00:01   chapter_2.pdf 396.26 Kb 00:01:50 00:00:56 00:00:49 00:00:24 00:00:02   chapter_3.pdf 714.88 Kb 00:03:18 00:01:42 00:01:29 00:00:44 00:00:03   chapter_4.pdf 1.24 Mb 00:05:43 00:02:56 00:02:34 00:01:17 00:00:06   chapter_5.pdf 2.82 Mb 00:13:01 00:06:42 00:05:51 00:02:55 00:00:15   chapter_6.pdf 539.44 Kb 00:02:29 00:01:17 00:01:07 00:00:33 00:00:02   chapter_7.pdf 264.35 Kb 00:01:13 00:00:37 00:00:33 00:00:16 00:00:01   Chapter_8.pdf 119.98 Kb 00:00:33 00:00:17 00:00:14 00:00:07 < 00:00:01   Cover_section.pdf 337.17 Kb 00:01:33 00:00:48 00:00:42 00:00:21 00:00:01   references.pdf 85.27 Kb 00:00:23 00:00:12 00:00:10 00:00:05 < 00:00:01   vita.pdf 52.10 Kb 00:00:14 00:00:07 00:00:06 00:00:03 < 00:00:01