Type of Document	Dissertation
Author	Bolzan, Rachel
Author's Email Address	rmattin@lsu.edu
URN	etd-0612102-234815
Title	Peroxynitrite-Mediated Oxidations: Nitration and Nitrosation
Degree	Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)
Department	Chemistry
Advisory Committee	Advisor Name Title William A. Pryor Committee Chair Frank K. Cartledge Committee Member Neil R. Kestner Committee Member William H. Daly Committee Member Arthur M. Sterling Dean's Representative
Keywords	mechanism
Date of Defense	2002-05-22
Availability	unrestricted
Abstract Using a direct ultraviolet second-derivative spectroscopy method, three peroxynitrite preparative methods were investigated for the nitrite and nitrate present either as impurities or produced during peroxynitrite decomposition: (I) ozonation of azide, reaction of hydrogen peroxide with (II) isoamyl nitrite and (III) nitrous acid. The oxidation of morpholine by peroxynitrite in the presence and absence of added carbonate gives N-nitromorpholine and N-nitrosomorpholine. Nitration and nitrosation of morpholine are catalyzed by low levels of CO2; however, excess CO2 dramatically reduces the yields of nitrosation but not nitration, and the combined yields of the products are about the same under conditions of high and low concentrations of CO2. These data indicate that both nitration and nitrosation by peroxynitrite are free radical processes. The morpholine radical, formed from the reactions of carbonate and/or hydroxyl radicals with morpholine, reacts with either •NO or •NO2 and serves as a common precursor for both products. The peroxynitrite-mediated oxidation of α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol dispersed in 1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine liposomes in the presence and absence of added carbonate gives α-tocopherylquinone and 5-nitro-γ-tocopherol, respectively. The formation of the products is consistent with the current understanding of the free radical nature of oxidations of peroxynitrite and its CO2-adducts; the overall reaction involves a one-electron oxidation of α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol by HO• or CO3•-, followed by the reaction with •NO2. When α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol were present in the same liposome and exposed to peroxynitrite, there was preferential oxidation of α-tocopherol over γ-tocopherol. An explanation for the protection of γ-tocopherol by α-tocopherol could be that γ- and α-tocopheryl radicals, formed from the respective reactions of α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol with HO• or CO3•-, disproportionate to give α-tocopherylquinone and regenerated γ-tocopherol. This is consistent with the lack of protection of γ-tocopherol by α-tocopherol when α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol dispersed in different liposomes but present in the same incubation mixer are subjected to oxidation by peroxynitrite.
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